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Iowa Teaching Standards
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ANATOMY/PHYSIOLOGY SYLLABUS
(adapted from NIACC)
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COURSE OBJECTIVES/LEARNER
OUTCOMES: 1.1
Define anatomy and
physiology. 1.2
List the ten
characteristics of life and the five requirements of life. 1.3
Define homeostasis and
describe an example of homeostasis in the body. 1.4
Describe the hierarchy of
the body’s organization from cell to system. 1.5
Locate and describe the
two membranes types in the body. 1.6
Define the anatomical
direction terms and planes and be able to give
examples in the body. 1.7
Locate and name the body
cavities and regions. 1.8
Identify the eleven organ
systems and have a basic understanding of each. 2.1
Define element, atom,
proton, neutron, electron, and ion. 2.2
Understand the difference
between stable and unstable atoms. 2.3
Demonstrate a basic
knowledge of chemical bonding. 2.4
Define synthesis and
decomposition. 2.5
Define acid, base,
alkalosis, and acidosis. 2.6
Know the pH of human blood. 2.7
Briefly describe inorganic
compounds such as water, oxygen, carbon
dioxide, and salts. 2.8
Describe the structure and
functions of carbohydrates, lipids, proteins,
and nucleic acids. 3.1
Identify
eleven organelles in a cell and
describe their structure and functions. 3.2
Describe passive mechanisms
of movement through the cell membrane including diffusion,
facilitated
diffusion, osmosis, and filtration. 3.3
Describe
active mechanisms of movement
through the cell membrane including active
transport, endocytosis,
and exocytosis. 3.4
Describe
interphase and mitosis
including the 4 phases that make up mitosis. 3.5
Identify
cells in interphase, prophase,
metaphase, anaphase, and telophase on slides. 3.6
Define
cytoplasmic division, cell
differentiation, and cell death. 4.1
Define anabolism and
catabolism. 4.2
Define enzyme and
catalysts. 4.3
Define energy. 4.4
Describe the structure of
DNA, RNA, genes, and genome. 4.5
Describe the process of
protein synthesis (transcription and
translation). 4.6
Describe DNA replication
and how mutations might result. 5.1
Define tissue and describe
the function and characteristics of the 4
types. 5.2
Describe the structure,
give an example of the location, and identify on
slides the following epithelial tissues: 5.2.1
simple squamous 5.2.2
simple cuboidal 5.2.3
simple columnar 5.2.4
pseudostratified columnar 5.2.5
stratified squamous 5.2.6
stratified cuboidal 5.2.7
stratified columnar 5.2.8
transitional 5.3
Describe the structure,
give an example of the location, and identify on
slides the following connective tissues: 5.3.1
loose connective tissues 5.3.2
adipose 5.3.3
dense connective 5.3.4
cartilage 5.3.5
bone 5.3.6
blood 5.4
Describe the structure,
give an example of the location, and identify on
slides the following muscle tissues: 5.4.1
skeletal 5.4.2
smooth 5.4.3
cardiac 5.5
Describe the structure of
nervous tissue, give an example of the
location, and identify on a slide. 6.1
List the functions of skin. 6.2
Describe the basic
structure of the epidermis, dermis and subcutaneous
layers. 6.2.1
Describe the five layers
that make up the epidermis. 6.2.2
Describe the function of
melanocytes and keratin. 6.3
Describe cell movement in
the epidermis. 6.4
Describe how dermal blood
supply affects skin color. 6.5
Identify the location and
describe the functions of sebaceous glands and
sweat glands. 6.6
Describe the anatomy of a
nail. 6.7
Describe the anatomy and
functions of a hair follicle. 6.8
Identify signs of
inflammation. 6.9
Understand how a pressure
ulcer is formed. 7.1
Describe the functions of
the skeletal system. 7.2
Identify the four types of
bones (long, short, flat, irregular) and give
examples of each. 7.3
Identify and describe the
following structures: diaphysis,
epiphysis, medullary canal,
articular cartilage, periosteum, and endosteum. 7.4
Compare and contrast
compact and spongy bone. 7.5
Describe the process of
bone formation and growth. 7.6
Describe the three types
of joints (fibrous, cartilaginous, and synovial)
including structure, mobility, and give examples of each. 7.7
Define bursa, synovial
membrane, and meniscus. 7.8
Describe hinge and ball
and socket joints including structure, function
and examples of each. 7.9
Define the terms
associated with joint movement. 7.10
Identify specific bones
and bony landmarks listed on additional handouts. 8.1
Describe the structure of
skeletal muscle. 8.2
Describe the connective
tissue coverings of muscle. 8.3
Describe the neuromuscular
junction. 8.4
Describe the sliding
filament model. 8.5
Define origin, insertion,
agonist, antagonist, hypertrophy, and atrophy. 8.6
Describe the difference
between slow and fast fibers. 8.7
Identify 30 muscles and
their actions in the human body. 9.1
Define terms associated
with the nervous system. 9.2
Differentiate between the
CNS and PNS. 9.3
Describe the motor and
sensory functions of the nervous system. 9.4
List the neuroglial cells
and their functions in the CNS and PNS. 9.5
Describe a typical neuron. 9.6
Describe the cell membrane
potential and an action potential. 9.7
Describe impulse
conduction along a myelinated nerve fiber. 9.8
Define synapse and
synaptic cleft. 9.9
Describe the role of
neurotransmitters at the synaptic cleft. 9.10
Briefly describe a reflex
arc. 9.11
Describe the three layers
of meninges. 9.12
Describe the spinal cord
and ascending/descending tracts. 9.13
Identify specific
structures of the cerebrum. 9.14
List the basic functions
of the cerebrum and the location in which they
take place. 9.15
Identify the cerebellum
and describe its function. 9.16
Identify the three parts
of the brainstem and their functions. 9.17
Identify the ventricles
and list the functions of cerebrospinal fluid. 9.18
Describe the structure in
the diencephalon and their functions. 9.19
Identify specific
structures on a cross section of a spinal cord. 9.20
Define brachial and
lumbosacral plexus. 9.21
List the twelve cranial
nerves and their basic functions. 9.22
Describe the two divisions
of the PNS and their functions. 10.1
Describe the difference
between chemoreceptors, pain receptors,
thermoreceptors, mechanoreceptors, and photoreceptors. 10.2
Define stimulus,
sensation, and sensory adaption. 10.3
List three somatic
receptors responsible for touch and pressure, their
location and function. 10.4
List the two receptors for
temperature sensation. 10.5
Describe the free nerve
endings. 10.6
Describe “referred” pain. 10.7
Describe the olfactory
organs including location and stimulation. 10.8
Describe the taste buds
and the four taste sensations. 10.9
Identify structures in the
outer, middle, and inner ear. 10.10
Describe how the ear
functions in hearing and balance. 10.11
Identify the structure in
the outer, middle and inner tunics of the eye. 10.12
Describe how the eye
functions in vision. 10.13
Know which special senses
are carried by the olfactory, facial,
glossopharyngeal, vagus, vestibulocochlear, and optic nerves. 11.1
List the basic functions
and glands of the endocrine system. 11.2
Compare and contrast the
nervous and endocrine system. 11.3
Describe the two different
types of hormones. 11.4
Describe negative feedback
in the endocrine system. 11.5
Describe the location of
the following glands, what hormones they secrete
and the functions of these hormones: 11.5.1
pituitary gland 11.5.2
thyroid gland 11.5.3
parathyroid gland 11.5.4
adrenal gland 11.5.5
pancreas 12.1
Describe the location of
the heart. 12.2
Describe the two layers
that make up the pericardium and the pericardial
cavity. 12.3
Identify the epicardium,
myocardium, and endocardium. 12.4
Identify the atria,
ventricles, septum, specific valves, and the large
vessels that enter and exit the heart. 12.5
Describe the path of blood
through the heart. 12.6
Differentiate between
pulmonary and systemic circulation. 12.7
Describe the role of the
coronary arteries. 12.7.1
Describe myocardial
infarction. 12.8
Define systole, diastole,
stroke volume, and cardiac output. 12.9
Describe the heart sounds. 12.10
Describe the conduction of
the heart. 12.11
Describe the P wave, QRS
complex, and T wave. 12.12
Define arteries,
arterioles, capillaries, venules, and veins. 12.13
Describe the blood
pressure gradient and the function of blood pressure. 12.13.1
Define hypertension and
hypotension. 12.14
Describe the affect of
blood volume, strength of heart contractions,
heart rate and blood viscosity on blood pressure. 12.15
Identify 17 major arteries
in the human body. 12.16
Identify 9 major veins in
the human body. 13.1
Describe the components of
blood. 13.2
Describe the shape,
structure, and function of red blood cells. 13.3
Describe hemopoiesis, life
span of a RBC, and destruction of RBC’s. 13.4
Describe the five
different types of white blood cells. 13.5
List the functions of
WBC’s. 13.6
Describe the structure and
function of platelets. 13.7
Define plasma and list the
three proteins in plasma and their functions. 13.8
Describe hemostasis. 13.9
Define thrombus and
embolus. 13.10
Define antigen and
antibody. 13.11
Describe the four
different types of blood. 13.12
Describe Rh- and Rh+ and
how this factor affects pregnancy. 14.1
Describe the organization
of the lymphatic system and its function. 14.2
Describe how lymph is
produced and the role of the muscular pump. 14.3
Describe the shape,
location, and function of lymph nodes. 14.4
Describe the location and
function of the thymus and spleen. 14.5
List the 6 nonspecific
defenses of the human body. 14.6
Differentiate between
innate and acquired immunity. 14.7
Differentiate between
active and passive acquired immunity. 14.8
Describe briefly the
immune response. 15.1
Define respiration,
ventilation, external respiration, and internal
respiration. 15.2
Identify the structures of
the upper and lower respiratory tract and
their functions. 15.3
Describe the pleura and
pleural cavity. 15.4
Describe inhalation and
exhalation including muscles involved. 15.5
Define the terms
associated with respiratory air volumes and cycles. 15.6
Describe the primary
control of breathing. 15.7
Describe the process of
gas exchange at the capillary level. 15.8
Describe how oxygen and
carbon dioxide is transported in the blood. 16.1
Identify the structures
and their functions in the digestive system. 16.2
Describe the walls of the
digestive tract. 16.3
Describe briefly chemical
digestion and identify enzymes involved. 16.4
Describe nutritional
requirements. 17.1
Describe the location and
functions of the kidneys. 17.2
Identify specific
structures in the kidney. 17.3
Describe the filtration,
reabsorption, and secretion processes in the
formation of urine. 17.4
Understand the role of
anti-diruetic hormone in the control of urine
volume. 17.5
Identify the ureters and
describe their function. 17.6
Identify the urinary
bladder, urethra and describe the process of
micturition. 18.1
Describe mechanisms that
maintain fluid balance in the human body. 18.2
Describe the importance of
electrolyte balance in the human body. 18.3
Define pH. 18.4
Describe the three
mechanisms that control the pH of body fluids. 18.5
Define acidosis and
alkalosis. 18.6
Describe the two types of
acidosis. 18.7
Describe the two types of
alkalosis. 19.1
List the functions of the
male reproductive system. 19.2
Identify and describe the
functions of the testes, seminiferous tubules,
epididymis. 19.3
Describe the structure of
sperm. 19.4
Describe spermatogenesis. 19.5
Identify and describe the
functions of the male accessory organs and
external reproductive organs. 19.6
List the main male sex
hormone and its action. 19.7
Describe the functions of
the female reproductive system. 19.8
Identify the ovaries and
their functions. 19.9
Describe oogenesis. 19.10
Identify the female
accessory organs and their functions. 19.11
Identify the female
external reproductive organs. 19.12
Describe the functions of
estrogen and progesterone. 19.13
Describe the menstrual
cycle and menopause. 19.14
List common types of birth
control. 19.15
List common sexually
transmitted diseases. 19.16
List common signs and
symptoms associated with sexually transmitted
diseases. 20.1
Describe the process of
fertilization. 20.2
Describe the changes that
occur during the embryonic and fetal stages. 20.3
Describe fetal circulation
including the foramen ovale and ductus
arteriosus. 20.4
Describe the role of
progesterone and oxytocin. 20.5
Describe the function of
prolactin after birth and define colostrums. 20.6
List the changes occurring
in the lungs, kidneys, and heart during the
neonatal period. UNITS OF INSTRUCTION: Unit 1:
Introduction to Human
Anatomy and Physiology Unit 2:
Chemical Basis of Life Unit 3:
Cells Unit 4:
Cellular Metabolism Unit 5:
Tissues Unit 6:
Integumentary System Unit 7:
Skeletal System Unit 8:
Muscular System Unit 9:
Nervous System Unit 10:
Somatic and Special Senses Unit 11:
Endocrine System Unit 12:
Cardiovascular System Unit 13:
Blood Unit 14:
Lymphatic System Unit 15:
Respiratory System Unit 16:
Digestive System Unit 17:
Urinary System Unit 18:
Water, Electrolyte, and
Acid-Base Imbalance Unit 19:
Reproductive System Unit 20:
Pregnancy, Growth, and
Development METHODS OF EVALUATIONS:
CHECKLIST FOR GENERAL EDUCATION OBJECTIVES General Education Philosophy: Education,
the General Education Mission: To provide the diverse experiences in learning that teach generalized skills in communication, critical analysis, research, human relations, and technology and to survey subject matter to allow for applications of this learning in the classroom and community.
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